By the age of 50, up to half of men will experience some degree of male-pattern baldness, with a higher prevalence continuing beyond this age. Although genetics and hormonal changes play a major role, the exact mechanisms underlying hair loss remain unclear. Dr Arash Mostaghimi, vice chair of clinical trials and innovation in the dermatology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, highlights that excessive conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the scalp leads to hair follicle shrinkage and eventual loss.
Understanding the Causes of Male Pattern Baldness
Hair loss begins with an increase in scalp DHT levels, which triggers a process of hair miniaturization, in which hairs and follicles begins to shrink. This typically starts around the temples and progresses to the crown of the head. The condition, often referred to as “male-pattern baldness,” varies in severity possibly due to genetic predisposition.
Effective Treatments and Prevention Strategies
Early intervention is critical in managing hair loss. Dermatologists recommend FDA-approved medications such as:
- Minoxidil: Applied topically, it promotes hair regrowth but requires consistent use. Oral minoxidil has also been widely used as an off-label therapy for hair growth. However, when taken orally, minoxidil causes hair to grow indiscriminately, including on the beard or armpits, although this effect varies by patient.
- Finasteride: Taken orally, it helps maintain or improve hair coverage, albeit with concerning potential side effects like erectile dysfunction.
Combination therapy using both medications is often more effective than using either alone. Alternative treatments like platelet-rich plasma injections and low-level laser therapy may complement standard medications but are not standalone solutions.
Considering Advanced Therapies and Their Limitations
Hair transplants are considered the gold standard for long-term hair restoration. Despite their effectiveness, they require ongoing medication use for optimal results. However, they are costly and do not provide instant results, necessitating skilled surgical expertise.
Dispelling Myths and Misinformation
Common misconceptions and myths about hair loss include hat-wearing, hair washing and the use of home remedies (see image below). The role of heredity also adds another layer of confusion.
Conclusion: Seeking Early Intervention and Hope for Patients
Early consultation with a dermatologist upon noticing signs of hair loss is crucial as available treatments are generally more effective at preventing hair loss than reversing it. Early intervention also encourages proactive management to minimize emotional distress associated with hair loss. Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in educating patients about available options and fostering hope for individuals navigating this common condition.
DHT: dihydrotestosterone; FDA: Food and Drug Administration
Adapted from: https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/wellness/hair-loss-treatment-men-391866
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