Healthcare providers in Singapore are advised to heighten vigilance and preparedness efforts in response to a significant surge in dengue cases during the first quarter of 2024. As of March 25th, over 5,000 dengue cases have been recorded, more than double the number observed in the same period last year. Alarmingly, seven dengue-related fatalities have already occurred.
With the traditional peak dengue season spanning May to October, authorities anticipate a further rise in cases, posing challenges for healthcare facilities to manage the anticipated influx effectively.
High-Risk Groups and Preventive Measures
Individuals with a prior history of dengue infection are urged to take strict precautions against mosquito bites, as subsequent infections with a different dengue virus serotype increase the risk of developing severe dengue, a potentially life-threatening complication. Healthcare professionals should emphasize the importance of personal protection measures, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
The elderly population, particularly those with underlying chronic conditions, represents another high-risk group for severe dengue illness and fatalities. Enhanced monitoring and early intervention strategies may be necessary for this vulnerable demographic.
Preparedness Recommendations
To effectively manage the anticipated surge in dengue admissions, healthcare facilities should consider the following measures:
- Review and reinforce triage protocols for prompt identification and appropriate management of suspected dengue cases.
- Ensure adequate staffing, hospital bed capacity, and resources to accommodate potential increases in admissions.
- Provide refresher training to healthcare personnel on the latest dengue case management guidelines and recognition of warning signs for severe dengue.
- Collaborate with public health authorities to monitor disease trends, facilitate prompt reporting, and disseminate advisories to the public.
- Promote community outreach and education efforts, emphasizing personal protection measures and elimination of mosquito breeding sites.
Outbreak Risk Factors
Despite a relatively low number of dengue cases in 2023, the risk factors for a potential outbreak in 2024 remain elevated. These include a high Aedes aegypti mosquito population, the primary vector for dengue transmission, and low population immunity against the currently dominant virus serotype (DENV-2).
Nationwide Response
To mitigate the outbreak risk, the National Environment Agency (NEA) has launched the National Dengue Prevention Campaign 2024, aimed at raising community awareness and encouraging active participation in reducing mosquito breeding sites.
Additionally, the NEA is expanding its Project Wolbachia initiative, which involves the release of lab-grown male Wolbachia mosquitoes that mate with female Aedes mosquitoes, resulting in infertile eggs. This biological control method has shown promising results in reducing the Aedes mosquito population in certain residential areas.
Collective Efforts and Inter-Agency Collaboration
Effective management of the ongoing dengue outbreak will require concerted efforts from all stakeholders, including healthcare facilities, public health authorities, and the community. Prompt reporting, coordination, and implementation of preventive measures will be crucial in mitigating the impact on public health during this high-risk period.
NEA: National Environment Agency
Adapted from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/over-5000-dengue-cases-in-first-quarter-of-2024-seven-deaths-baey-yam-keng
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