Background and Public Health Concern
- The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) of Singapore has warned the public about serious health risks linked to unregulated modafinil and armodafinil use.
- Nine individuals were hospitalized between February 2024 and February 2025 due to life-threatening adverse reactions after consuming these drugs.
- These individuals, aged 18 to 57 years, obtained the drugs from street peddlers in Geylang or friends and used them without medical supervision, seeking to enhance alertness or cognitive function.
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